Where is the red fox legal?

Any of the following from any area outside the state of Alabama; any member of the family Cervidae (to include but not be limited to deer, elk, moose, caribou), species of coyote, species of fox, species of raccoon, species of skunk, wild rodent, or strain of wild turkey, black bear (Ursus americanus), mountain lion (Felis concolor), bobcat (Felis rufus)

Same entry that bans the fennec: "species of fox" from outside Alabama, and no in-state transport except by a licensed game breeder. A red fox from inside the state is a protected furbearer, which § (3) bars keeping alive.

How this rule works: Alabama's prohibited list, not a permitted one, so absence from it means an animal is unrestricted. The official code site is a React app that serves nothing to a fetcher, but /api/rule/<number> returns the current rule as a PDF; use it, because Cornell LII's copy is the 2020 version and the current one differs. Two clauses do most of the work: everything the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service lists as injurious wildlife under the Lacey Act is banned by reference, and a block of mammals is banned when it comes from outside Alabama.

The department may not issue a permit for the capture, possession, import, or export of any game animal, including a hybrid of a game animal and a species listed in (b) of this section, for use as a pet

A native furbearer and game under AS 16.05.940(19). The only canid on the clean list is the domestic dog, and subsection (c) bars a pet permit, so a captive-bred red fox is in the same position as one taken from the wild.

How this rule works: The strictest structure in the country and the clearest. Subsection (a) bars possessing live game without a permit, (b) is a short clean list of species needing no permit, and (c) then removes the escape hatch: the department may not issue a permit for any game animal for use as a pet. So an animal missing from the clean list cannot be kept, permit or not.

Family Canidae-All species (W)

Same line that bans the fennec fox. Every canid is restricted for welfare, the red fox is named in the department's own caging table, and no California permit type covers pet keeping. A native red fox taken from the wild is a separate offence under the Fish and Game Code; a captive-bred one from out of state is still a restricted species.

How this rule works: § 671(b) defines (D) detrimental and (W) welfare. § 671.1(a) lists permit types; none covers pet keeping. The only possession permit, Animal Care, requires lawful possession in California before January 1992.

Any species of wildlife that is not specifically listed in Chapter W-11 as Domestic or Unregulated or in Chapter W-07 as Appendix A or Appendix B, the species is regulated wildlife and a CPW license is required. CPW will not issue a license for private possession (eg pet) of regulated wildlife.

Not on the domestic list, the unregulated list or the prohibited list, so the red fox is regulated wildlife, and CPW's possession page names foxes among animals not allowed as pets even where another state permits them. It is a Colorado native as well, and C.R.S. 33-6-109 bars keeping native wildlife taken from the wild. Chapter W-11 says noncommercial (pet) possession of regulated mammals has been prohibited since 1983, and its wildlife park licenses are commercial or closed to new entrants.

How this rule works: CPW's own page, with four downloadable lists, herpetofauna, mammals, birds, and fish and marine animals, each row giving a species and the regulation that decides it: Domestic, Unregulated, Appendix A or B, Appendix C, Regulated or Prohibited. Updated 1 May 2026. Not exhaustive, and CPW takes questions on unlisted species by email. This is the agency applying its own rule, which matters most where Appendix A turns on whether a species is native only to the tropics.

"Category One Wild Animal" means, notwithstanding changes in taxonomic nomenclature, any wild animal, gamete or hybrid of any of the following: (A) A member within the family Felidae (including, but not limited to, lion, leopard, cheetah, jaguar, ocelot, jaguarundi cat, puma, lynx and bobcat) except Bengal cat pursuant to section 26-40a of the Connecticut General Statutes; (B) A member within the family Canidae (including, but not limited to, wolf and coyote); (C) A member within the family Ursidae (including, but not limited to, black bear, grizzly bear and brown bear); or (D) A member within the family Hominidae ...

Every canid is Category One, so the red fox sits with the wolf and the coyote whatever its origin. Subsection (b)(1) allows a Category One animal only to a municipal park, zoo, public nonprofit aquarium, nature center, museum, or a USDA-licensed exhibitor, laboratory or research facility, so there is no private route.

How this rule works: Connecticut's official eRegulations text, served as a PDF. This is the operative rule for every animal on this map, and it sorts wild animals into four categories. Category One (four mammal families) and Category Two (a long specific list) may be possessed only by institutions; Category Three, which is Connecticut's own native species, bars import and export but not possession; Category Four, the state endangered, threatened and special concern species, needs a permit. An animal in none of the four is not restricted by this section. The definitions in subsection (a) do more work than the lists: 'wild animal' reaches invertebrates, and 'domestic animal' is defined in a way that takes the pet rabbit and the ferret out of the scheme entirely.

No live red fox shall be sold, purchased, possessed or exposed for sale in this State, or shipped by freight or express, or otherwise, or taken from any place within this State to any place outside this State.

Delaware bars possessing a live red fox by statute, with no permit, and the only exceptions are a State or local government animal exhibition and the foxhound owner's seasonal permit in § 791 to raise wild whelps for chasing, which must be released by 15 August.

How this rule works: The DNREC statute that answers Delaware's native carnivores, which the Agriculture exotic animal chapter never reaches. § 789 bars selling, buying or possessing a live red fox, except at a State or local government animal exhibition; § 791 lets a holder of five or more foxhounds raise wild whelps under permit and release them by 15 August; § 795 bars selling or possessing a live skunk or raccoon "for any purpose without a permit from the Division".

a person shall not import into the District, possess, display, offer for sale, trade, barter, exchange, or adoption, or give as a household pet, any living member of the animal kingdom, including those born or raised in captivity, except the following

None of the seven categories covers a wild canid; the fennec fox and the red fox get the same answer. There is no permit behind the list.

How this rule works: A closed list and one of the shortest in the country. Subsection (j)(1) bars importing, possessing, displaying, selling, trading or giving as a household pet "any living member of the animal kingdom, including those born or raised in captivity", except seven categories: domestic dogs, domestic cats, domesticated rodents and rabbits, captive-bred common cage birds, non-venomous snakes and fish and turtles, ferrets, and racing pigeons. No lizard, no amphibian and no invertebrate fits any of them. Read from the D.C. Code rather than from a reproduction: the seven categories and their exact wording are what every cell in this jurisdiction turns on.

The following list of species native to Georgia may not be held as a pet regardless of its origin or morphology.

The red fox is on DNR's native list by name, and as a carnivore it is also inside the .05 license rule, whose licenses go only to dealers and exhibitors under § 27-5-4(b)(1). The fennec fox is banned on the second ground alone; the red fox is banned on both.

How this rule works: The agency page that answers the native half of Georgia, which the wild animal rule does not reach. It states the operative rule in one line, "By Georgia Law, most native species of wildlife cannot be held without permits or licenses. These licenses are not issued for the purpose of holding native wildlife as pets", and adds the sentence that closes the captive-bred argument: "These restrictions apply to the various species of animal, regardless of the origin or morphology." It then lists native species that may not be held as a pet, among them the corn snake, milksnake, garter snake, green anole, both hognose snakes, all four box turtles and the flying squirrel. Two limits are worth carrying: the list says of itself that it "does not include all native wildlife that is prohibited", and a separate paragraph names the natives Georgia does allow to be taken, "rats, mice, armadillos, coyotes, groundhogs, beaver, freshwater turtles, venomous snakes, frogs, spring lizards, fiddler crabs, freshwater crayfish, freshwater mussels, and nutria".

Vulpes (all species in genus) fox

Part A takes the whole fox genus, the same entry that bans the fennec. Research and exhibition only.

How this rule works: Part A animals may be brought in by a university or a licensed exhibitor under permit and may not be kept as pets. Part B, published separately as AR-71RB, is the private and commercial use list and was checked as well: it runs to hoofed stock, giraffes, otters, seals, macropods and three named parrots, and contains none of the animals in this dataset.

No person shall possess, offer for sale, trade, barter, exchange or importation into the state of Idaho any fox, skunk or raccoon, except as provided in subsection (2) or (3) of this section.

"Any fox" is named, and the red fox is also an Idaho native. The only exceptions are fur farms holding domestic fur-bearing animals and public parks, zoos, museums and educational institutions with an Agriculture permit, so there is no pet route.

How this rule works: An Agriculture statute that bars anyone from possessing, selling, trading or importing "any fox, skunk or raccoon", with two exceptions: fur farms holding domestic fur-bearing animals, and public parks, zoos, museums and educational institutions with an Agriculture permit. There is no pet exception and no species limit on "any fox". IDAPA 13.01.10.200.07(a) cross-references it.

A member of the family canidae of the order carnivora, including but not limited to wolves, coyotes, and jackals. However, a dangerous wild animal does not include a domestic dog.

The red fox is a canid, so it is a dangerous wild animal, and that outranks its listing as a fur-bearer. § 717F.3 bars owning, possessing, breeding or importing a dangerous wild animal, and the only route was the 2007 registration.

Existing owners: An owner in possession on 1 July 2007 could keep the animal after implanting an electronic identification device within sixty days and registering with the department by 31 December 2007. No new route exists.

How this rule works: § 717F.3 bars owning, possessing, breeding or importing a dangerous wild animal. § 717F.1(5) defines the class by family and order rather than by species name, so the boundaries are read off the taxonomy. § 717F.4 grandfathers animals already owned on 1 July 2007.

(1) Except as established in Sections 2(7) and 7 of this administrative regulation, 301 KAR 2:075, and 301 KAR 3:120, a person shall not import, transport into Kentucky, or possess: ... (j) Rabies Vector Species: 1. Coyote (Canis latrans); 2. Gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus); 3. Raccoon (Procyon lotor); 4. Red fox (Vulpes vulpes); 5. Spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius); 6. Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis); or 7. Any hybrid of rabies vector species.

The red fox is a rabies vector species on the prohibited natives list; the only live-fox exceptions in § 2 are for moving wild-caught foxes into a permitted foxhound training enclosure. § 1(3) defines native wildlife "regardless of ... being captive-bred or taken from the wild", so a captive-bred animal from another state is in the same position. KRS 65.877 lets local governments go further.

How this rule works: The companion to 2:082 and the rule that reaches any Kentucky native. § 1(3) defines native wildlife as species that have historically existed, currently exist or have naturally expanded their range into Kentucky, "regardless of ... origin or location of an individual animal" and of "being captive-bred or taken from the wild", so captive breeding is no exit. § 2(3) then requires a captive wildlife permit before acquiring one, with a five-per-species free allowance for native reptiles and amphibians at § 2(5) and nothing comparable for mammals. § 3(2) is the noncommercial permit, § 4 the transportation permit, § 6 the prohibited natives.

6.No person shall transport, possess, purchase or sell any live foxes or coyotes taken outside the state of Louisiana. Live foxes and coyotes obtained from outside the state of Louisiana prior to the enacted date of these regulations and in possession of properly licensed persons shall be exempt.

Louisiana's fox rule bars taking, possessing, buying or selling live foxes "except as provided in these regulations", and what it provides is a trapper's license and the nongame quadruped breeder and exhibitor licenses, defined as licenses to engage in a business, for stocking hound-running preserves. A red fox from another state is barred outright by D.6.

How this rule works: States its purpose as prohibiting the importation and exportation of any species of foxes or coyotes. D.1 bars taking, possessing, buying or selling live foxes except under the rule; D.6 bars possessing any live fox or coyote taken outside Louisiana. The licenses it offers are a trapper's license and nongame quadruped exhibitor and breeder licenses, defined as business licenses. Cached as LA-la-fox-and-quadrupeds.txt.

Family Canidae All Species in Family Canidae (Canids)

Every canid is Category 1, and a Category 1 permit goes only to an exhibitor, a wildlife rehabilitator, a USDA-registered laboratory or an accredited research facility. The red fox is also a Maine native furbearer with no wild-take route for mammals.

How this rule works: Maine is a closed-list state and § 7.06(4) is the sentence that makes it one: "A person may not possess any species that has not been categorized", and an uncategorized species "will not be eligible for a permit under this chapter". The four categories are the Unrestricted List, the Prohibited list at § 7.18(1), and Restricted Categories 1 and 2. Category 1 permits go only to exhibitors, rehabilitators, USDA-registered laboratories and accredited research facilities, so it is not a pet tier; Category 2 is open to "an individual with demonstrated experience". § 7.05 and § 7.06(5) are the route for getting an unlisted species classified.

A person may not import into the State, offer for sale, trade, barter, possess, breed, or exchange a live: (i) fox, skunk, raccoon, or bear; (ii) caiman, alligator, or crocodile; (iii) member of the cat family other than the domestic cat; (iv) hybrid of a member of the cat family and a domestic cat if the hybrid weighs over 30 pounds; (v) member of the dog family other than the domestic dog; (vi) hybrid of a member of the dog family and a domestic dog; (vii) nonhuman primate ...; or (viii) poisonous snake in the family groups of Hydrophidae, Elapidae, Viperidae, or Crotolidae.

Caught by the word "fox" in clause (i) and again by clause (v), every member of the dog family other than the domestic dog. There is no private permit: the exemptions run to zoos, sanctuaries, research and licensed exhibitors. Subsection (e) preserves stricter county and municipal rules.

Existing owners: Lawful possession on or before 31 May 2006 may continue, but only if the keeper gave written notification to the local animal control authority by 1 August 2006, with the number and type of animals and a photograph or a description of a tattoo or microchip. That window is long closed.

How this rule works: Maryland's dangerous animal list, on the General Assembly's own site. Eight clauses and nothing else: fox, skunk, raccoon or bear; caiman, alligator or crocodile; any cat other than the domestic cat; a cat hybrid over 30 pounds; any dog other than the domestic dog and any dog hybrid; non-human primates; and venomous snakes of four named families. A misdemeanor, and subsection (e) says in terms that counties and municipalities may go further. Note COMAR 15.11.16.01, titled List of Prohibited Animals, is an agriculture rule about feral swine and is not this provision.

F. Live nuisance animals may not be possessed except: 1. Coyotes in permitted coyote enclosures; 2. Fox in permitted fox enclosures

Mississippi law classes "fox" as a nuisance animal, and Rule 7.1(F) bars possessing a live one except in a permitted fox enclosure, which under Rule 8.1 is a fenced pen for running hounds, or briefly by a trapper delivering it to one. That is not a pet route.

How this rule works: Recites that Miss. Code § 49-7-1 classes nutria, beaver, fox, skunks, coyotes and wild hogs as nuisance animals, and at (F) bars possessing a live one except coyotes and foxes in permitted hunting enclosures, short-term trapper transport to them, and hogs for slaughter. Cached as MS-ms-captivity-and-nuisance.txt.

"Wild animal" means a skunk, fox, raccoon, or bat.

"Fox" in the rabies law has no species qualifier, and § 50-23-102 bars possessing one outside a fur farm, a no-contact zoo exhibit or research. The red fox is native, so the exotic wildlife white list that bans the fennec does not apply; the rabies law does the work instead.

Existing owners: Held for at least 6 months before 1 January 1982.

How this rule works: Defines "wild animal" for this part as a skunk, fox, raccoon or bat and bars possessing one except in a fur-bearing enterprise, a zoo exhibit with no public contact, or research, or if held for 6 months before 1 January 1982. Cached as MT-mt-rabies-and-menagerie.txt.

1. Except as otherwise provided in this section, the importation, transportation or possession of the following species of live wildlife or hybrids thereof, including viable embryos or gametes, is prohibited: ... (d) Mammals: ... (10) Foxes................................................ All species in the genera Vulpes, Fennecus, Urocyon, Alopex, Lycalopex and Pseudalopex

The prohibited list takes every fox genus, including Vulpes, so the red fox is barred with the fennec fox. Permits for prohibited species go only to accredited zoos, universities, scientific institutions, commercial aquaculture and nonprofit educational exhibitors. NAC 503.140(4) preserves county and city ordinances, and Clark County, Las Vegas and Henderson are all stricter than the state.

How this rule works: Two lists: 503.110 prohibits, 503.140 names species that may be possessed, transported, imported and exported without a permit. Nevada counties and cities are frequently stricter than the state, notably Clark County, Henderson and Las Vegas.

Fox, Red Vulpes vulpes 5

The red fox is in the controlled table with category 5 alone, the fennec fox's row beside it. Permittee category 5 is the exhibitor category, with no category 1 for an individual, so a private keeper cannot be issued a possession permit.

How this rule works: Readopted in full by Document #14558, effective 21 April 2026. Four buckets and a closing rule. Fis 804.02 is the non-controlled possession list, Fis 804.03 the prohibited list, Fis 804.05 with Table 800.2 the controlled table, and Fis 804.04(b) then says "All species not specifically listed under the categories of non-controlled, prohibited, or controlled shall be designated as prohibited." Fis 803 runs the same three-way split for importation against Table 800.1. The number beside a species in either table is the permittee category from Fis 802.01: 1 is an individual, 5 an exhibitor, so a species marked 5 alone cannot be held privately. Fis 802.05 is the waiver for unlisted species and subsection (c) closes it to categories 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7, which leaves only exhibitors.

The Division does not currently issue new permits for the possession of potentially dangerous species within the hobby permit category.

The red fox is a game animal listed at 10.6(a)16, which would put it on the hobby permit, but 10.10 makes every nondomestic dog a potentially dangerous species and 10.11(a)6 says one "may not be kept as a household pet". The Division confirms it issues no new hobby permits for these animals, leaving only scientific, propagation, zoo, exhibitor, theatrical and fur farming permits.

How this rule works: The Division's own reading of 7:25-10. Two things in it decide cells. It "does not currently issue new permits for the possession of potentially dangerous species within the hobby permit category", confining nondomestic dogs, bears and nondomestic cats to scientific, propagation, zoological, exhibitor, theatrical and fur farming permits. And it bans importing raccoons, skunks, foxes, woodchucks and bats from any state with a rabies variant other than the raccoon variant, "even if the RVS originates from a captive breeder". The rabies policy itself is at https://www.nj.gov/dep/fgw/pdf/captv_rvs_policy.pdf.

Mammal | Dog, wild | Canidae | Vulpes (sp. variety) | Fox (any type) | IV | State Protected Species

The whole genus Vulpes, "any type", is Group IV, so the red fox is barred with the fennec fox. Group IV importation is prohibited for the general public and allowed only for scientific study, department approved restoration, zoological display, temporary events, use as a service animal, or by a qualified expert. 19.35.7 NMAC is an importation rule, so it governs bringing the animal into New Mexico rather than keeping one already here.

How this rule works: The roughly 1,300 row table that 19.35.7 NMAC points at and that earlier research could not obtain. Every row gives a family, a scientific name, a common name and a roman numeral group. Group I is semi-domesticated and needs no importation permit. Group II is not known to be invasive or dangerous and needs a permit. Group III presents minimal or manageable concerns and needs a permit with specific provisions attached. Group IV is prohibited to the general public. The list is reached from the download page rather than a direct file URL, and the site needs a User-Agent header.

no person shall import, transport, possess, purchase, barter, transfer, sell, offer for sale, exchange, propagate or release or cause to be released within New York State any of the following live native or non-native dangerous animals including those which are captive bred in any of the following orders, families and individual species or subspecies including all subspecies and hybrids thereof: ... (1) Canines in the Family Canidae (with the exception of domesticated dogs and captive bred fennec foxes (vulpes zerda));

The same sentence that clears the captive-bred fennec fox bans every other fox: Canidae is on the closed wild animal list and on 180.1, and § 11-0512 bars keeping a wild animal as a pet. The small game definition's carve-out for "captive bred red fox" takes a farmed red fox out of the game rules, not out of the pet ban. Licenses under 180.1(c) issue only for scientific, educational, exhibition, zoological or propagation purposes, and the 180.1(d)(2) exemption for this species is for licensed rehabilitators.

How this rule works: New York answers exotic and native animals through two entirely separate mechanisms, and the famous one is the smaller. § 11-0103(6)(e) is a closed "wild animal" list, six clauses long, that § 11-0512 then bars keeping as a pet: primates, Felidae, Canidae, Ursidae, a named set of large constrictors and monitors plus all venomous reptiles, and Crocodylia. It carries two express carve-outs that decide cells on this map, for registered Felis catus hybrids five generations clear of wild parentage and for captive bred fennec foxes. The other mechanism is the one that catches natives, and it is a definition rather than a list: § 11-0103(2)(c) makes native frogs, salamanders, turtles, lizards and snakes SMALL GAME, therefore game, therefore protected wildlife under § 11-0103(6)(c), and § 11-0107(2) bars possessing protected wildlife "whether taken within the state or coming from without the state". The only license, § 11-0515, is for propagation, banding, scientific or exhibition purposes, so there is no pet route behind it.

All dogs other than domesticated dogs (Canis familiaris), including, but not limited to, wolf, fox, coyote, hyaena, dingo, jackal, dhole, fennec, raccoon dog, zorro, bush dog, aardwolf, cape hunting dog and any hybrid or cross-breed offspring of a wild dog and domesticated dog.

"Fox" is named in the wild dog clause, which covers every canid but the domestic dog. New York State's own rules bar the red fox as a native furbearer too, and § 161.01(b)(ii) imports that. § 161.01(d) lets the Department consent to an owner removing a seized animal to a jurisdiction where it is not prohibited, which is the only relief in the article.

How this rule works: A city rule that is stricter than any state on this map, and it works in three layers. It opens with a standard rather than a list, deeming a wild animal to be "any animal which is naturally inclined to do harm and capable of inflicting harm upon human beings". It then adds, at (b)(ii), any wildlife protected or endangered under federal, STATE or local law, which imports New York State's protected wildlife scheme into the city wholesale. And it closes with 24 numbered clauses that work mostly by family: all cats other than Felis catus and their hybrids, all dogs other than Canis familiaris, all Mustelidae including the ferret by name, all squirrels, all marsupials, all large rodents, all Boidae, all Pythonidae, all Varanidae, all Iguanidae, all teiidae, all Chelydridae, all venomous spiders including the tarantula by name, and all turtles under four inches. § 161.01(c) is the short answer to what is left: gerbil, hamster, guinea pig, domesticated rabbit, and small birds such as parakeet, parrot, canary and finch.

(i) Wild canids | Canidae | All native species. However, fox (Vulpes vulpes and Urocyon cinereoargenteus) are exempt from this prohibition if when part of a commercial fur farming operation or for wildlife rehabilitation purposes by a licensed wildlife rehabilitator;

The red fox is a native canid on Oregon's prohibited list, and its only exemptions are a commercial fur farm licensed by the Department of Agriculture and a licensed rehabilitator. Neither is a pet route.

How this rule works: The ban list, and the one to check before assuming a common pet is fine in Oregon. It reaches the prairie dog, the capybara, the southern flying squirrel, the tiger salamander, the snapping turtle and the whole of Trachemys, all of which are ordinary pet-trade animals elsewhere on this map.

In the family Canidae. Species and subspecies of the coyote, the red and gray fox and a full-blooded wolf or crossbreed thereof not licensed by the Department of Agriculture. Lawfully acquired coyotes and red or gray foxes may be imported or possessed, or both, by licensed propagators specifically for propagation for fur farming purposes. Coyotes and red and gray foxes imported under this exception and their progeny may not be sold or transferred for wildlife pet purposes or released into the wild.

The red fox is named, and the one exception is fur farming by a licensed propagator, whose animals and their progeny "may not be sold or transferred for wildlife pet purposes". The only other fox permit, in § 137.31(a)(1), lets a trapper hold five wild foxes for urine collection until the end of the season and then requires them to be euthanized.

How this rule works: The Game Commission's actual prohibited list, and the document most Pennsylvania exotic pet questions turn on rather than the § 2961 definition. Eleven categories, of which three matter most here: all Felidae except house cats, the monk parakeet by name, and a catch-all barring possession of any wildlife held in captivity or captive bred in another state or nation.

The possession of native mammals is restricted to those institutions identified within § 3.7(C) of this Part, and as exempted per § 3.8 of this Part. Terrestrial mammals considered native either currently or historically to Rhode Island and which possession as pets is prohibited include the following: ... (28) Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes),

Named on the native mammal list. Rhode Island's native definition applies "regardless of where the animal originated", so a captive-bred animal from out of state is no different, and § 3.7(A) separately restricts every carnivore without a licensed rabies vaccine to researchers, USDA exhibitors and AZA facilities.

How this rule works: One of the most species-specific schemes in the country. § 3.6 defines domestic animals, § 3.7 sets general prohibitions, § 3.9 governs permits, and § 3.17 is the long exempt list of animals that need no exotic animal possession permit. Anything not domestic, not native and not on the § 3.17 list needs a permit.

To hunt, trap, take, capture, kill, attempt to take, capture, or kill, possess, deliver for transportation, transport, cause to be transported, by any means whatever, receive for transportation or export, or import, at any time or in any manner, any wild bird or wild animal or the carcass or any part thereof, except as specifically permitted by law and only by the manner or means and within the numbers stated.

The red fox is a Virginia native, and 4VAC15-20-50(B) shows the board had pet foxes in view: domesticated red foxes with coat colors distinguishable from wild ones that were held on 1 July 2017 and declared by 1 January 2018 may be kept until they die, and may not be bred or sold without a permit. No later acquisition has a route. Because it is a Virginia native, it is not a nonnative (exotic) animal, so the permit table at 4VAC15-30-40 is not its rule, even though the table names its family; § 29.1-521(A)(10) is, and it bars possessing a wild animal except as specifically permitted. The one-per-address allowance at 4VAC15-360-10(A) reaches no mammal, and Chapter 290's permits are for exhibits and scientific collection, the reasoning the flying squirrel cell sets out.

Existing owners: A domesticated red fox with a coat color distinguishable from wild red foxes, held on 1 July 2017 and declared in writing by 1 January 2018, may be kept for its life on that declaration, which is a non-transferable possession-only permit. It may not be bred or sold without a department permit.

How this rule works: Subsection (A)(10) makes it unlawful to possess, transport or import any wild bird or wild animal except as specifically permitted by law.

All persons are prohibited from acquiring, selling, bartering, exchanging, giving, purchasing, distributing, or trapping to retain any bat, skunk, fox, raccoon, or coyote, except a zoological park, animal exhibitor, research facility, or wildlife rehabilitator.

The rabies rule names the fox without a species, and bars anyone but zoos, exhibitors, research facilities and rehabilitators from acquiring or importing one. It reaches the native red fox whatever Title 77 would say about lawful acquisition.

How this rule works: The rule that answers the rabies-vector carnivores in Washington, and it is a health rule rather than a wildlife one. Subsection (5)(a) bars all persons from acquiring, selling, bartering, exchanging, giving, purchasing, distributing or trapping to retain any bat, skunk, fox, raccoon or coyote, except a zoological park, animal exhibitor, research facility or wildlife rehabilitator, and (5)(b) bars importing one except by those bodies under an entry permit from the Department of Agriculture. "Fox" is unqualified. The rule also defines a canid hybrid, including any animal its owner represents to be a wolf hybrid, and orders a hybrid that bites someone euthanized and tested, but does not bar keeping one.

Fox, skunks, bats, raccoons, or whitetail deer taken from the wild shall not be possessed as personal use wildlife and shall be possessed only in accordance with permits issued under Rules 68A-9.002, 68A-9.006, F.A.C., or Section 379.3761, F.S.

Same reading as the fennec fox. Class II item 24 says "Wolves, coyotes, jackals (family Canidae)", and the parenthetical on its face would make every fox a $140 Class II animal, but FWC's personal pet page lists "fox" among common Class III species, the free permit. 68A-6.003(13) adds that a fox taken from the wild may not be a personal pet, so a red fox has to be captive bred.

How this rule works: Florida sorts all wildlife into three classes and then exempts a list from the scheme entirely, and the exemption list is what most pet questions turn on. 68A-6.002 puts 24 taxa in Class I, which 68A-6.003(6) says may not be possessed for personal use at all, and 38 in Class II, which needs a $140 annual permit plus documented experience and caging. Class III is everything else, and 68A-6.003(8) requires a no-cost personal use permit for it. Then 68A-6.003(14) lists 22 categories needing no permit at all, and that list is the answer for most of this map: nonvenomous unprotected reptiles and amphibians, gerbils, hedgehogs, sugar gliders, rabbits, squirrels, ferrets, guinea pigs, hamsters, prairie dogs, chinchillas and parrots among them. Read the class lists without 68A-6.003(14) and Florida looks like a permit state for a bearded dragon. Read (14) without the class lists and it looks like a free-for-all for a capybara.

Before any individual shall hold, possess or engage in the breeding or raising of live fur-bearing mammals, he shall first procure a fur-bearing mammal breeder permit. Fur-bearing mammal breeder permits shall be issued by the Department. The annual fee for each fur-bearing mammal breeder permit shall be $25.

The red fox is named among Illinois's protected fur-bearing mammals in § 2.2 as Vulpes vulpes, and § 2.2 makes possessing one unlawful except as the Wildlife Code provides. § 3.25 provides it: a fur-bearing mammal breeder permit, $25 a year, required of anyone who holds a live fur-bearer, breeding or not. The protection follows the species, not the animal's origin, so a captive-bred animal from out of state needs it too. The dangerous animal list's canids are the wolf and the coyote. Illinois is a home rule state, so a municipal ordinance can be stricter and often decides it.

How this rule works: § 2.2 says the Act applies only to wild birds and wild mammals, then lists the protected species by name and family. Parrots are not among them; the flying squirrel is. § 3.23 (DocName 052000050K3.23) carries the Class A noncommercial breeder permit that lets a private keeper hold a protected species, plus the two named-species clauses that decide the rabbit and the monk parakeet.

(4) Red fox (Vulpes fulva).

Named on the Class II list under an older binomial, Vulpes fulva, beside the gray fox. The permit is applied for within five days of taking possession and needs an inspection, proof of lawful acquisition and a vet's statement. The fennec fox, by contrast, is on no list and needs nothing.

How this rule works: Three classes by risk. Class I is rabbits and squirrels, Class II is a long and specific list of small wild cats plus Indiana's furbearers, Class III is wolves, bears, all other wild cats, venomous reptiles and large crocodilians. Both the Class II and Class III lists end with the same sentence exempting hybrids with a domestic dog or cat, which is the clearest hybrid answer any state gives.

The purpose of 321 CMR 9.01 is to list those species which are exempt from the licensing provisions of M.G.L. c. 131, § 23, and which may be imported, possessed, maintained, propagated, bought, sold, exchanged or offered for sale without a license or permit from the Division. Species not listed, or which are expressly listed as "require(s) a permit", are not exempt from the provisions of M.G.L. c. 131, § 23.

No canid but the domestic dog appears on either Massachusetts list, so the red fox needs a § 23 license, the same as the fennec fox. It is also a Massachusetts native, and the only animals MassWildlife lets a person take from the wild are certain reptiles and amphibians. The license under § 23 exists on paper, but MassWildlife says permits for non-exempt wildlife "are issued only for certain scientific, educational, commercial, or other specific reasons" and "You will not be issued a permit for keeping a wild animal as a pet."

How this rule works: Massachusetts runs a closed white list and says so in terms: a species not on it, or listed as requiring a permit, is not exempt from M.G.L. c. 131, § 23. Two structural points decide most of this state. First, 9.01(2) defines "species" as a "distinct non-domestic VERTEBRATE animal population", and § 23 itself reaches only fish, birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians, so terrestrial invertebrates are outside the scheme entirely. Second, 9.01(3) is a categorical override that most readings of this rule miss: no species may be exempted if it is listed under the federal Endangered Species Act, appears in the IUCN Red Book(s), or is on the Massachusetts endangered, threatened and special concern list at 321 CMR 10.90. Nearly every group listing in 9.01 repeats the cross-reference, so it operates as a live carve-out rather than as drafting furniture, and it is what pulls the Burmese python out of Boidae, the crested gecko out of Gekkonidae and the box turtle out of the turtle allowance.

badger, bobcat, red and gray fox, raccoon, coyote, beaver, otter, muskrat, mink, squirrels, striped skunk, woodchuck, opossum, ring-necked pheasant, bobwhite quail, Hungarian partridge, ducks, geese and wild turkeys

The red fox is on the closed list of game that may be held under the DNR's Permit to Hold Game in Captivity, so a keeper needs that permit. It covers captive-bred animals only, so one taken from the wild cannot be brought under it. This is the line the fennec fox cell draws: the native red fox needs the permit and the non-native fennec does not.

How this rule works: Michigan's route for keeping a native mammal or game bird, and it is a closed list of species rather than a general exotic pet permit. It authorizes captive-bred animals only, so a wild-caught animal cannot be brought under it. Non-native species are outside it entirely, which is why a native red fox needs this permit and a fennec fox does not.

Wildlife Hobby Permit. Authorizes the holder to purchase, possess, and propagate not more than fifty (50) ring-necked pheasants and bobwhite quail, in the aggregate, for personal use only and not for sale; and to hold in captivity not more than one (1) game mammal purchased from a Missouri wildlife breeder permit holder, except that Class II wildlife, hoofed mammals, and skunks may not be held under this permit.

The red fox is a Missouri furbearer, which 3 CSR 10-20.805(33) makes a game mammal, and the take-five rule for natives expressly excludes anything listed in 3 CSR 10-4.110(4), which is game mammals and furbearers. What remains is the Wildlife Hobby Permit: one animal, bought from a Missouri wildlife breeder permit holder, held for personal use, never propagated or sold. 3 CSR 10-9.223(2) bars importing live foxes, so it has to be Missouri bred. Missouri's dangerous wild animal registration names the wolf and the coyote and no fox.

How this rule works: Class I is native Missouri mammals, reptiles and amphibians plus birds native to the continental United States. Class II is the venomous natives, mountain lion, wolf and black bear. Class III is cervids. An animal that is none of these is outside the Wildlife Code entirely.

001.01B It shall be unlawful for any person or persons to retain any wild birds or wild mammals (as defined in Nebraska revised statute 37-245 and 37-246) in captivity except the following species may be kept under authority of a Captive Wildlife Permit ... Fox-Gray - (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) Red - (Vulpes vulpes)

Named on the Captive Wildlife Permit list by binomial. Unlike the bobcat and lynx it carries no "commercial purposes only" asterisk, so it is a pet permit, for a captive-bred animal only.

How this rule works: Nebraska renumbered its Game and Parks regulations: what used to be 163 NAC ch. 4 is now Title 166, and captive wildlife has its own chapter 8 rather than a subsection. Anything on this map citing "163 NAC ch. 4, § 008" is pointing at a title that is now called ADMINISTRATION. Chapter 8 has three operative parts. § 001.01B bars retaining any WILD BIRD or WILD MAMMAL in captivity except a listed set of Nebraska natives under a Captive Wildlife Permit. § 001.07A prohibits six species outright, none of them a pet: the Asian raccoon dog, white-tailed and mule deer, red deer, wild pigs and bighorn or thinhorn sheep. And § 001.08A is a closed importation list, which is what actually answers most exotic mammals here, because they are not wild mammals and so the permit scheme never reaches them. Chapter 10 does the same job for reptiles and amphibians and is limited to species native to Nebraska.

the wild animal or wild bird was not acquired unlawfully or merely as a pet

The red fox is a North Carolina game animal ("fox"), so it is a wild animal under § 113-129(15), and (16) carries the definition to animals of wild species raised or kept in captivity. Holding one alive needs a captivity license, and § 113-272.5(a) tells the Executive Director not to issue it unless the animal "was not acquired unlawfully or merely as a pet", the reasoning the flying squirrel cell rests on. Selling or buying a fox unlawfully is a separate misdemeanor under § 113-294(j).

How this rule works: North Carolina's captivity-license statute, which bars issuing a license for a wild animal acquired merely as a pet.

Category 2 species of nontraditional livestock includes the following species and their hybrids, all nondomestic ungulates, including all deer (cervidae) and pronghorn, zebras, nondomestic cats not listed in category 3, waterfowl, shorebirds, upland game birds not listed in category 1, crows, wolverines, otters, bats, martens, fishers, kit or swift foxes, badgers, coyotes, mink, red and gray foxes

Red foxes are named in category 2, so a license is needed before acquiring one, with the premises inspected first. Category 1, which needs no license, includes "ranch foxes", a term the rule does not define; a red fox from a fur ranch, in a ranch color phase, may sit there instead. A wild-type red fox is plainly category 2.

How this rule works: The nontraditional livestock category system is alive and sits here, not in the repealed title 48. 48.1-09-01-02 sorts every nondomestic species held in confinement into three categories, category 1 needing no license and categories 2 and 3 needing one before the animal is acquired. Subsection 4 exempts arachnids and invertebrates from even the importation permit, along with a short list of small pets named one by one: gerbils, guinea pigs, hamsters, mice, rats and sugar gliders. The Board of Animal Health's own page (https://www.ndda.nd.gov/divisions/animal-health/non-traditional-livestock) files that list under Exempt Animals and calls them exempt from non-traditional livestock requirements and importation requirements. Last amended April 1, 2026.

"Noncommercial propagating license" permitting the licensee to propagate game birds, game quadrupeds except captive white-tailed deer, reptiles, amphibians, or fur-bearing animals and to hold the animals in captivity. Game birds, game quadrupeds except captive white-tailed deer, reptiles, amphibians, and fur-bearing animals propagated or held in captivity by authority of a noncommercial propagating license are for the licensee's own use and shall not be sold. The fee for such a license is twenty-five dollars per annum.

"Fox" is a fur-bearing animal under R.C. 1531.01(W), so holding one needs a § 1533.71 license, and the noncommercial propagating license covers a keeper's own animal for $25 a year. The § 935.01 canid entries are gray wolves and African wild dogs only.

How this rule works: Ohio defines wild animals as "mollusks, crustaceans, aquatic insects, fish, reptiles, amphibians, wild birds, wild quadrupeds, and all other wild mammals". The word aquatic in front of insects is the whole answer for a terrestrial invertebrate: a land insect or an arachnid is not a wild animal in Ohio and the Division of Wildlife has nothing to say about it.

(8) Dogs (except coyotes and native foxes).

The dog exemption carves out "native foxes" by name, and the red fox is native, so it is not exempt and needs the import permit and the noncommercial wildlife breeder's license. Captive-bred and kept as a pet, it is outside the § 7-502 possession bar under (B)(4).

How this rule works: One of the most permissive exemption lists in the country, naming the fennec fox, the sugar glider, the coatimundi, the wallaby and primates individually. Note what the exemptions are from: import and export permits and commercial and noncommercial wildlife breeder licenses, not a ban. Subsection (c) exempts non-indigenous reptiles and amphibians as a class, with a two-limb carve-out for species that could establish here and are injurious under federal rules. Oklahoma's own rules site, rules.ok.gov, returns 403 to this container, so this is read from Cornell LII and cited to the official section.

a furbearer, a member of the family Cervidae, a nondomestic member of the families Suidae (pigs), Tayassuidae (peccaries), Bovidae (bison, mountain goat, mountain sheep), coyote, bear, or turkey (genus Meleagris). Furbearer includes, but is not limited to, red and gray fox, raccoon, opossum, muskrat, mink, skunk, otter, bobcat, weasel, and beaver;

The red fox is named first in the furbearer list, so importing one needs a Department permit, the fennec fox's position. § 50-16-20(B) lets the Department issue the permit only if the animal was taken lawfully where it came from and its possession is not expected to harm the state's wildlife, and § 50-16-60's pet-trade exemption does not list it.

How this rule works: § 50-16-20 requires a permit to bring in certain groups of live wildlife, chiefly furbearers, cervids, pigs, bovids, coyote, bear and turkey. § 50-16-60 then exempts a named list of pet trade animals from even that.

(1) Of the order Carnivora, all nondomestic members of the following families: ...(b) Canidae;

Same answer as the fennec fox. Canidae is on the possession permit list, so a red fox needs a possession permit at ten dollars an animal, renewed each year, plus the free entry permit if it comes from out of state.

How this rule works: Two separate requirements sit in the same chapter and are easy to conflate. An entry permit, free and obtainable by telephone, is required to import any nondomestic animal. A possession permit, ten dollars per animal, is required only for the mammal families listed in 12:68:18:03. The only outright prohibition is the raccoon dog.

(2) Native species of wildlife are considered to be Class II unless specifically designated otherwise by T.C.A. § 70-4-403 or rules and regulations authorized therein. (3) ... (b) 1. The following species or groups of wildlife are deleted from the existing listing designated by legislation as Class III: (i) All native, nonpoisonous reptiles and amphibians; and (ii) All native, furbearing mammals. 2. All species or groups of wildlife deleted from Class III in part 1. are considered to be Class II wildlife.

The red fox is a native furbearing mammal, and the commission's rule moves native furbearers out of Class III and into Class II. TWRA says no one may possess a Class II species without the permit, which costs $10 an animal for personal possession, and § 70-4-401(b) requires documentary evidence of the supplier's name and address and the date acquired. The statute's Class III entry for furbearers "raised solely for the sale of fur" covers fur farming, not a pet.

How this rule works: The commission's own additions to the statutory classes, the chapter earlier sittings could not read because publications.tnsosfiles.com refuses this container. Cornell LII carries all six rules. Rule .03 is short: (1) adds to Class I only hybrids of two Class I species; (2) makes native species Class II unless designated otherwise; (3) adds waterfowl other than migratory game birds, ostriches, cassowaries, caimans and gavials to Class III and moves native nonpoisonous reptiles and amphibians and native furbearers out of it into Class II; (4) adds the nanday parakeet, the monk parakeet, the African clawed frog and most non-native freshwater aquatic life to Class V; and (5) regulates a hybrid of species from different classes as a member of the least restrictive class involved. No mammal is added to Class I by name. Rule .01(4) requires anyone possessing live wildlife to be able to prove legal ownership. Last amended effective 30 January 2022.

No person may capture or possess a live fur-bearing animal for any purpose, except as otherwise authorized by this code, unless he has acquired and possesses a fur-bearing animal propagation license.

The red fox is a fur-bearing animal under § 71.001(1), and § 71.005(c) requires a fur-bearing animal propagation license to possess a live one "for any purpose", so the license is a keeper's license as well as a breeder's; the fee is $50.75. The definition is headed "wild", which is the argument a captive-bred animal is outside it, but the word reads as describing the species rather than the animal's history. The dangerous wild animal list names the coyote and the jackal and no fox.

How this rule works: The definition at § 71.001(1) reads "wild beaver, otter, mink, ring-tailed cat, badger, skunk, raccoon, muskrat, opossum, fox, or nutria", and the bare word "fox" is what makes people read Texas as a fox ban state. It is not one. Chapter 71 and the proclamation at 31 TAC §§ 65.371-65.375 govern taking, trapping, pelts and fur dealing; § 65.375(a)(2) says there are no bag or possession limits for fur-bearing animals; and nothing in either bars keeping one. The series is also headed by "wild", which a captive-bred animal is not.

Species not found on the Restricted, Unrestricted or Domestic species lists are considered Restricted.

No canid of any kind appears on the Unrestricted list, so the red fox is Restricted by default, the fennec fox's position. It is also a Vermont native, and 10 V.S.A. § 4709 bars possessing a live wild animal without authorization. Restricted means a permit, and Regulation 881 § 5.2 leaves one open to a private keeper: for purposes other than research and education, the Commissioner shall not issue a permit "unless it has been determined that the wild animal or wildlife proposed to be brought into or possessed in the state does not conflict with the purpose of this regulation". That purpose is protecting wild and domestic animals, agriculture and livestock, and human health and safety, and the determination is the Commissioner's, case by case, with no published standard, so an application can be refused.

How this rule works: The list the whole Vermont answer turns on, and the one earlier research could not obtain. Anything on it may be kept with no permit. Its closing line is the important part: species not found on the Restricted, Unrestricted or Domestic species lists are considered Restricted, which makes Vermont an inverted-list state like Hawaii. Several entries are marked Captive Bred Only, which is a real condition rather than a note. The site refuses automated requests without a User-Agent header.

The director may issue a permit to a person to keep and maintain in captivity as a pet, a wild animal or wild bird that has been acquired from a commercial dealer or during the legal open season. The fee therefor shall be $2.

The red fox is a West Virginia native and so a "wild animal" under § 20-1-2, which § 20-2-4(a) bars keeping except as the chapter provides. The § 20-2-51 pet permit is that route, for a fox bought from a commercial dealer or taken in the open season. This is the opposite of the fennec, which is outside Chapter 20 because it is not native.

How this rule works: The director may issue a $2 permit to keep in captivity as a pet a wild animal or wild bird acquired from a commercial dealer or during the legal open season.

The department shall issue a Class B captive wild animal farm license to operate a captive wild animal farm that grosses less than $10,000 in annual sales to any person who files a proper application for the license and who pays the applicable fee.

The red fox is a native fur-bearing wild animal under § 169.01(14), and the seventeen native animals § 169.04(4)(a) frees from licensing stop at weasels and opossums, so § 169.04(1)(b) requires a license. The one that fits a keeper is the Class B captive wild animal farm license, which the department must issue to any applicant and which NR 16.15(1) applies to hobbyists as well as businesses; it names the species held, and pens must meet NR 16.30 to 16.38. Canids are among the animals whose escape a licensee must report within 24 hours under § 169.15(4)(b).

How this rule works: § 169.01(37) defines wild animal; § 169.11(1)(a) designates harmful wild animals as cougars, ursidae, wild and feral swine. § 169.04(4)(b) exempts most non-native species from licensing.

"Fur-bearing animal" means a fox, mink, fitch, chinchilla, karakul, marten, nutria, or fisher that is the second or later generation raised in captivity. ... Fur-bearing animals are domestic animals and products of fur-bearing animals are agricultural products.

Minnesota splits the red fox by pedigree. A fox at least two generations removed from the wild is a fur-bearing animal under the fur farming statute, and § 17.352 makes it a domestic animal, outside the game laws. A wild-caught or first-generation fox is still small game and a protected wild animal, which needs the § 97A.401 subd. 3 special permit the commissioner may issue for pets. Canids are not regulated animals under § 346.155.

How this rule works: Minnesota's fur farming statute does something the game laws do not: § 17.351 subd. 3 defines a fur-bearing animal as "a fox, mink, fitch, chinchilla, karakul, marten, nutria, or fisher that is the second or later generation raised in captivity", and § 17.352 (https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/17.352) declares such animals domestic animals. So a fox two or more generations from the wild is out of the game laws entirely, while a wild or first-generation red fox stays small game. The raccoon, skunk and bobcat are not on the list.

Fox, red Vulpes vulpes privately owned, domestically bred and raised

Utah lists the red fox in the domestic column, outside the rule entirely, with the condition written beside it: privately owned, domestically bred and raised. A red fox taken from the wild, or bred wild and then held, does not meet it and falls back under Utah's wildlife rules. Utah is the one state on this map that names the farmed red fox a domestic animal in its own species table.

How this rule works: Five sections: domestic mammals and birds not covered by the rule, noncontrolled mammals and birds, controlled mammals, and prohibited mammals. The header sets an inverted default: 'Except as otherwise listed, all species are presumed prohibited. All species not listed will require an assessment before collection, importation, or possession will be authorized.' The prohibited section adds that 'personal possession will not be authorized'.

The following wildlife may be possessed without a permit if captured in the state, but no importation is allowed. ... (b) Mammals declared as pests by W.S. 11-5-101 through W.S. 11-5-119, or animals defined in W.S. 23-1-101 as predatory animals.

The red fox is named as a "predatory animal" in the statute, unlike the fennec. That means no importation under Chapter 10 § 12, but no permit needed under § 14(b) to keep one captured in Wyoming.

How this rule works: Two closed lists do the work. Domestic animals and domesticated animals are both defined by enumeration, with the phrase for the purpose of this regulation, only the following animals are considered domestic. Anything on neither list is wildlife, and Section 13(d) leaves it to a permit that may be authorized upon approval.

All species of the order Carnivora

All of Carnivora is restricted, so the red fox needs a special license, the same answer as the fennec fox. It is also an Arizona native, and taking one alive from the wild is a separate regime under R12-4-404, R12-4-405 and Commission Order 43 that needs a hunting license.

How this rule works: The operative rule. Restricted live wildlife needs a special license, and the lists run by order and family rather than by species, so the whole of Carnivora is caught while most of the pet reptile trade is not. Two exceptions are written in by name: the genus Atelerix, the pet hedgehogs, and the genus Oryctolagus, which the rule says are not wildlife at all. Two subsections do quiet work: (D) exempts domestic animals, defined at R12-4-401 as a species that does not exist in the wild, and (E) pulls hybrids back in whenever one parent species is on the list. Note that the AZGFD commission rules PDF circulating as Supp. 13-2 is a 2013 edition and predates the Atelerix and Oryctolagus exceptions; read the current text, not that one.

Bobcat, coyote, gray fox, and red fox that were captured by hand prior to July 1, 2022, may be retained until their death.

The hand-capture route for the red fox closed on 1 July 2022, with existing animals kept until death. What is left is 09.14(B), a captive-born native animal from a Commission-permitted breeder or imported on a permit, and the addenda do not say whether such a permit can be had for a red fox: R1.03 refuses breeding, sale and importation permits only for red and gray foxes that originate from or have lived in a list of twenty states and Canada, and R1.02, the permit list, does not name the red fox. The fox is on a list, so the "prohibited until evaluated" clause does not settle it either.

Existing owners: A bobcat, coyote, gray fox or red fox captured by hand in Arkansas before 1 July 2022 may be kept as a pet until it dies, within the six-per-household limit, and may not be sold or taken out of state.

How this rule works: Code 09.01 makes it unlawful to hold any live wildlife captive unless otherwise specified, and its exceptions include terrestrial invertebrates. Code 09.02 conditions non-native wildlife on sourcing and veterinary certification. Code 09.14 caps native wildlife pets at six per household. Chapter 01.00 supplies the two definitions that decide the rest: WILDLIFE reaches "all other wild animals, regardless of classification", and WILD means "living in a state of nature and not domesticated". Addendum R1.02 closes with "Species not listed in Addenda R1.01, R1.02, or R1.03 are prohibited until evaluated", so absence is a bar rather than a silence.

(b) Live furbearers legally taken during a furbearer season may be possessed only through the last day of the season in which taken.

K.S.A. 32-1002(a)(2) bars possessing any wildlife unless a regulation permits it, and the red fox is a Kansas furbearer. The only regulation that permits a live furbearer is 115-5-2(b), and it lets a Kansas-caught animal be held only to the end of the season it was taken in, so a wild-caught pet is out. What is not settled is a captive-bred animal bought in another state: 32-1002(b) lifts the possession bar for animals "legally taken outside this state", and no Kansas text says whether that reaches one bred in captivity. The handoff records this as the one question Kansas has never closed.

How this rule works: Subsection (b) is the possession rule for a live Kansas furbearer: one legally taken during a furbearer season "may be possessed only through the last day of the season in which taken", which rules out keeping a wild-caught raccoon, fox, skunk or bobcat as a pet. Coyotes alone may be held live without limit in time under (d). Read from Cornell LII, since ksoutdoors.gov is blocked to this container.