Hognose Snake
Heterodon spp.
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Overview
Hognose snakes are famous for their dramatic bluffing behavior - they hiss loudly, flatten their heads cobra-like, and if that fails, roll over and play dead convincingly (complete with open mouth and lolling tongue). Native to North America, they have upturned snouts used to dig up buried toads - their primary wild prey. They are rear-fanged with mild venom effective on toads but harmless to humans in the vast majority of cases.
Quick Facts
Native Range
North America (eastern, western, and southern species)
Natural Habitat
Sandy soil areas, prairies, woodland edges, and coastal plains
Adult Size
14-46 inches (36-117 cm) across the species; western hognoses 14-37 inches
Wild Diet
Toads, frogs, salamanders, and occasionally small rodents
Wild Lifespan
9-19 years in the wild, averaging 14; 15-20 years in human care
Conservation Status
Least Concern (most species); some state-level protections
History
The western hognose was a marginal animal in the trade for decades, the kind of snake that turned up under the Miscellaneous heading of a pre-Internet reptile price list, interesting to watch but too plain to sell. What changed was a combination of better husbandry information, wider availability, and color and pattern variants that gave breeders something to work toward. Its smaller size, milder bluffing, and flexible diet made it the species the hobby settled on out of the three North American hognoses. Most animals sold now are captive-bred rather than collected.
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Hognose Snake
Human
Adult Size
14-46 inches (36-117 cm) across the species; western hognoses 14-37 inches
5-6 feet (150-185 cm); ~135-200 lbs
Wild Lifespan
9-19 years in the wild, averaging 14; 15-20 years in human care
~73 years (global average)
Wild Diet
Toads, frogs, salamanders, and occasionally small rodents
Omnivorous - eats just about anything
Native Range
North America (eastern, western, and southern species)
Global - originated in Africa roughly 300,000 years ago
Natural Habitat
Sandy soil areas, prairies, woodland edges, and coastal plains
Everywhere from arctic tundra to tropical megacities
Conservation Status
Least Concern (most species); some state-level protections
Least Concern (8+ billion and counting)
Test Yourself
What's the Hognose Snake's native range?
Fun Facts
π Tongue Sniffers
Snakes smell with help from their tongues! Each flick of that forked tongue grabs chemicals from the air or ground. The tongue can't smell a thing itself, though: it drops its haul onto pads on the floor of the mouth, which most likely pass it up to the Jacobson's organ in the roof of the mouth.
Care Guide
Hognose Snake Care Guide
The drama queen of snakes: the whole display is bluff!
Where it is legal
26 US jurisdictions restrict this species, from outright bans to permits. Every one quotes the rule it comes from.
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Did You Know?
When threatened, hognose snakes will flatten their neck, hiss, lunge (mouth closed), and if that fails, flip over and play dead complete with open mouth and tongue hanging out!
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