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A Gaboon viper resting in rainforest leaf litter, its geometric pattern blending into dead leaves

Beastfile · Reptiles

Gaboon Viper

Bitis gabonica

Also known as Gaboon Adder

The longest fangs of any snake, on an animal you will walk straight past.

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Overview

The Gaboon viper is a heavy, slow African snake that has invested everything in not being seen and then in one decisive strike. Its geometric pattern of browns, purples and creams dissolves completely into rainforest leaf litter, and it will lie motionless for days waiting for prey to walk within reach. It has the longest fangs of any snake, around five centimeters, and delivers a large volume of venom. Despite that, it is famously unaggressive: it rarely strikes at people and often gives no warning simply because it does not move at all.

Head-on view of a Gaboon viper showing its broad triangular head and small nasal horns

Origin

Rainforest and adjacent woodland across West, Central and East Africa, in leaf litter on the forest floor.

Habitat

Rainforest

Notable Traits

  • The longest fangs of any snake, roughly five centimeters
  • Leaf-litter camouflage that works even in the open
  • Ambushes by lying still for days at a time
  • A very broad, flat, triangular head with small nasal horns
  • Among the heaviest-bodied vipers in the world

Conservation

Vulnerable, with a decreasing population (IUCN), pressured by rainforest clearance and killed on sight in some areas.

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